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Justice Rohinton Nariman commences his address.
Justice Rohinton Nariman tracing Bible and Rig Veda and attitude towards women. In Bible, women are said to have been created from rib of man. Rig Veda says do not make lasting friendship with women because she would be like hyena.
Women in history have all started out as being perceived as lower then men. First remarkable woman in my lecture is Cleopatra. She goes back 2000 years: Justice Rohinton Nariman.
It was due to Ptolemy 2 that to peculiar Egyptian habit of marrying sister came into vogue: Justice Rohinton.
Cleopatra was a woman who could speak four languages and could charm anybody. Shakespeare's great quote in Antony and Cleopatra tells us exactly who this woman was: Justice Nariman
She was one out 6 children of Ptolemy 12th. He was a obviously a better musician than ruler. He tries to rebel against Rome and it was put down. He was then taken to Rome and little Cleopatra went with him. She saw how badly Ptolemy was treated: Justice Nariman.
She saw how her great country was bossed by Rome: Justice Nariman.
Justice Nariman recounts how Julius Caesar assumed power. By then Cleopatra and her brother had assumed throne of Egypt.
Caesar and Cleopatra became lovers and was even taken to Rome. Eventually in 44 BC, the ides of March came and Caesar went. Then Mark Antony told her to return to Egypt which she did.
She bore three sons of Antony. Finally Augustus annexed Egypt. Tactical mistakes were committed as a result of which she lost battle and the great woman who tried to prevent Egypt from becoming a Satrap of Rome died: Justice Rohinton Nariman
Ultimately she failed only because of male dominance of Rome: Justice Rohinton.
The second remarkable woman was Pope Joan. How could there be a Pope Joan. You could not have females who could become priests in the first place. However, her legend continued: Justice Rohinton Nariman.
Chroniclers in 13 century started telling is there did exist this lady who was a lady born of English parents in Germany. She proved herself to be so adept at scriptures: Justice Rohinton Nariman.
She dressed herself as a man throughout that nobody knew she was a woman: Justice Rohinton Nariman
Back then Pope was elected by Roman people and not by an electorate of cardinals: Justice Nariman.
She was elected Pope and actually sat on that throne for 2 years, 5 months and 9 days: Justice Nariman
How she got discovered is a remarkable story. She was pregnant. She was walking along a road from St Peter to St Clements church. On the way she have birth to the baby: Justice Nariman.
There is a divergence on what happened to her after that. The original manuscript says she was stoned on the spot. The Catholic church denies that a lady ever became Pope: Justice Nariman
Justice Nariman says he also found the story quite unbelievable but says he recently read a book by Peter Stanford who marshals all the facts and gives five reasons on why this lady actually existed.
That lane where she is believed to have given birth is shunned by all Popes thereafter. Also, there were statues erected to her in Rome. Martin Luther says he saw that statue: Justice Nariman
This remarkable lady not only existed but also survived as Pope in an all male setup for more than 2 years: Justice Rohinton Nariman
We come to the third great lady: Razia Sultana, daughter of Emperor Iltutmish.
Iltutmish had a massive empire. Nobody realises when one sees his grave that this was the man who completed the Qutub Minar which was started by Qutub Aibak: Justice Nariman.
Iltutmish ruled over a vast empire from Sindh in West to Bengal in East and Kashmir on North. In 1229 he had a terrible setback when the son whom he thought would succeed him, died. That son's tomb is somewhere in Vasant Kunj. People in Delhi should visit it: Justice Nariman
When this son died, Iltutmish decided all his sons were useless and actually announced that his daughter would succeed him, something unthinkable then. We are talking about 13th century: Justice Nariman
Once Iltutmish died, one of his sons got on to the throne and managed to stay on it for 6 months. This remarkable lady at the Friday prayer said this man in utterly inept. I am a woman, but if I am more capable than any man, then give me a chance and I want to prove it
My father invested me with this authority, why don't you. So people said yes and they threw this man out. She managed to rule for 3 years: Justice Nariman
She ruled extremely well. The chronicler of the time says she was easily the most capable, wisest leader of her times except that she was a woman. And because she was a woman she was murdered. And that happened because she invested great faith in an Abyssinian slaved, Yakut.
The Turkish nobles in her court got jealous of the fact that they were bypassed in favour of Yakut. So they had Yakut murdered. She fought against those noble and got imprisoned in Bathinda: Justice Nariman
The Governor of the fort at Bathinda who was originally opposed to her somehow came on to her side and eventually married her: Justice Nariman
The two of them then went to reclaim the kingdom but lost the battle and she was eventually murdered by ordinary peasants for her clothes: Justice Nariman.
So we had this fantastic woman who was not given her due because she was a woman: Justice Nariman.
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